Theme 5: Investigating Technology

Unit 7 Technology Around Us

Theme 4: Investigating the earth and universe

Unit 6 Solar System

Theme 3: Investigating Materials

Unit 5 Materials


1. Variety of Material
(a) Different object may be made of different materials.

(b) Different materials may have different properties.

2. Choice of Materials

(a) The material chosen to make an object depends on the properties of material. The properties of the material must suit the function of the object

(b) More than one material are usually used to make an object

(c) Natural and Man Made Materials

1. All materials can be divided into two big groups- natural materials and man-made material

2. Natural materials are found in nature. Natural materials include plant and animal parts and minerals.

3. Man- made material are made by man from natural material.

3. Conserving Material

(a) Some natural resources are renewable.

(b) Some natural resources are non-renewable.

4. Reusing, Reducing and Recycling Materials

(a) We need to conserve materials by reusing, reducing and recycling.

(b) Reusing mean using something again.

(c) Reducing mean using less amounts of material than usual.

(d) Recycling means reprocessing unused or waste materials into useful new products

5. Rusting

(a) The surface of a rusted or rusty object is covered with rust. Rust id reddish-brown.

(b) Only object made of iron can rust.

(c) Rusting occurs only if both air and water are present.

6. Preventing Rusting

(a) To prevent rusting, we need to keep object made of iron away from air and water.

Theme 2: Investigating Force And Energy

Unit 4: Measurement

Length
(a) Length is the distance between two points.
(b) Length can be measured using non-standard tools such as paper clips.
(c) It can be measured using standard tools like rulers and measuring tapes.
(d) Standard units for length are mm, cm, m or km

Area
(a) Area is the size of a surface.
(b) It can be measured using non-standard tools such as stamps or tiles.
(c) The area of a rectangle or square can be calculated as follows:

Time

(a) Processes that repeat uniformly can be used to measure time.

(b) Time can be measured accurately using a stopwatch.

(c) Standard units for time include second, minute(min) and hours(hr).

Volume

(a) Volume is the amount of space occupied.

(b) The volume of a cuboid/cube can be calculated as follows:

Mass

(a) The mass of an object tells us how heavy or light the object is.

(b) The standard units for mass are kilogram(kg), gram(g) and milligram(mg).

(c) Mass is measured using balances.

Theme 1: Investigating Living Things

Unit 1: Living things have basic needs

1. Basic needs are stuff that living things must have to stay alive.
(a) Humans & Animals – Food, water, air, shelter
(b) Plants: Air, sunlight, water

2. Humans, animals and plants will die if any one of their basic needs is not met.


Unit 2: Living things undergo life processes

1. Life processes of humans
Humans carry out life processes such as
- breathing through lungs
- excreting and defecating to get rid of waste materials
- responding to stimuli for survival and to protect ourselves from harm
- reproducing by giving birth

2. Bad habits that disturb our life processes
Smoking, drinking alcohol, abusing drugs

3. Life processes of animals
(a) Animals breathe using lungs, gills, moist skin or trachea.

(b) Animals reproduce either by giving birth or by laying eggs.

4. Life processes of plants
(a) Plants respond to stimuli such as light, water, gravity and touch

(b) Flowering plants reproduce by seeds. The flowers develop into fruits containing

seeds. The seeds can grow into new plants.
(c) Some flowering plants can also reproduce from parts of their body such as stems,
leaves and suckers.
(d) Non-flowering plants like ferns and mushrooms reproduce by spores.

Unit 3 Animals and plants protect themselves

1. Animals protect themselves from danger and enemies
(a) Animals have special characteristics to protect themselves.
Tortoise- It has a hard shell
Centipede-It has a venomous sting

(b) Some animals adapt certain behaviour for protection.
Beetle – It pretends to be dead
Pangolin - It rolls up into a tight ball.

2. Animals protect themselves from extreme weather
(a) Animals living in a desert have special ways to overcome the heat and the shortage of water.
The hump of a camel contains fat that can be changed to water
Desert animals are usually active at night when it is cooler.

(b) Animals in the Artic or Antarctic have special ways to keep themselves warm.
Walrus-It has a thick layer of fat
Polar Bear- It has a thick layer of fur
Artic Fox – It has small ears to prevent heat lost.

3. Plants protect themselves
(a) Plants have special characteristics to protect themselves from being eaten by animals.
A pineapple plant has sharp thorns
A jackfruit plant has sticky latex

(b) Plants have special characteristics to protect themselves from extreme weather.
A cactus has small leaves in the form of needles to reduce water loss.
A coconut tree has a flexible stem and divided leaves that can stand strong wind